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  HOME > GEISA-11-Description and Access > Aerosols



GEISA sub-database on Atmospheric Aerosols



INTRODUCTION


Besides the molecular species which define the gaseous infrared opacity in the Earths atmosphere aerosol particles also contribute to this opacity.
Consequently, a common GEISA and GEISA/IASI aerosols sub-database has been elaborated. It gathers data on complex refractive indices of selected basic aerosol components : Massie (1994, 2003), Hess et al. (1998), Koepke et al.(1997), Rublev (1994).

Database Access

    The various available aerosols compounds have been distributed among four classes:

    Acids
    Ash - Soot - Carbonaceous
    Water - Ice
    Solids - Salts

    Description of columns :

    Column 1 : molecular species names
    Column 2 : spectral coverage (cm-1)
    Column 3 : overall temperature range (K)
    Column 4 : Concentration range in % (9.99 when unknown or not applicable)
    Column 5 : number of associated files
    Column 6 : related references
    Column 7 : related reference numbers

    Reference names for file selection using associated search engine are in red


    Acids
    Component Spectral
    coverage (cm-1)    		 Temperature
    range (K)    		 Concentration
    range (%)     		Number
    of files     		References Ref No

    Sulfuric Acid
    H2SO4/H2O     		2 - 16382 183-293 0-80 117 Biermann et al. (2000) [1]
    825 - 4701 200 - 300 32-87 61 Niedziela et al. (1999) [14]
    499 - 3648 215 45 - 80 16 Tisdale et al. (1998) [26]
    200 - 50000 215-300 75 2 Hummel et al. (1988) [11]
    250 - 40000 293 75 7 Fenn et al. (1985) [8]
    250 - 40000 293 75 1 Shettle and Fenn (1979) [23]
    400 - 27800 293 25-95 12 Palmer and Williams (1975) [17]
    747 - 1571 293 75-90 2 Remsberg et al. (1974) [21]
    250 - 40000 293 75 1 Volz et al. (1972a, 1972b, 1973);
    Shettle and Fenn (1979).    		 [30, 31, 32]
    [23]
    Nitric Acid
    HNO3/H2O    		 431 - 16382 213 - 293 0 -50 62 Biermann et al. (2000) [1]
    754 - 4701 220 35 -70 10 Norman et al. (1999) [15]
    250 - 4988 293 3 - 70 12 Querry and Tyler (1980) [19]
    850 - 1088 293 38 1 Remsberg et al. (1974) [21]
    Ternary
    H2SO4/HNO3/H2O    		 825 - 5000 220 15-45 (HNO3)
    10-40 (H2SO4)    		 12 Norman et al. (2002) [16]
    Nitric Acid
    amorphous solutions
    hydrates (1)    		 482 - 7000 153 - 196 99 - 9.99 8 Toon et al. (1994)
    Richwine et al. (1995)    		 [28]
    [22]

    (1) Nitric Acid amorphous solutions and Hydrates :

    (one file for each component)

    β NAT Nitric acid trihydrate solid film at 196 K
    α NAT Nitric acid trihydrate solid film at 181 K
    NAD-film Nitric acid dihydrate solid film at 184 K
    NAM-film Nitric acid monohydrate solid film at 179 K
    NAT Nitric acid trihydrate at 160 K
    a NAD-film Amorphous NAD solid solution film at 153 K
    a NAM-film Amorphous NAT solid solution film at 153 K
    a NAT-film Amorphous NAM solid solution film at153 K



    Ash - Soot - Carbonaceous
    Component Spectral
    coverage (cm-1)    		 Temperature
    range (K)    		 Concentration
    range (%)     		Number
    of files     		References Ref No
    Volcanic Ash 250 - 50000 184 9.99 1 Volz (1972a);
    Shettle and Fenn (1979)     		[30, 32]
    [23]
    Soots 250 - 50000 293 9.99 1 Shettle and Fenn (1979) [23]
    Carbonaceous 250 - 50000 293 9.99 1 Shettle and Fenn (1979)
    Twitty and Weinman (1971) ;     		[23]
    [29]


    Water - Ice
    Component Spectral
    coverage (cm-1)    		 Temperature
    range (K)    		 Concentration
    range (%)     		Number
    of files     		References Ref No
    Water 0.33 - 50000 265 - 295 9.99 4 Dowing and Williams (1975),
    Kou et al. (1993)
    Ray (1972); Hale and Querry (1973)     		[5]
    [12]
    [10], [20]
    Water-soluble 250 - 50000 293 9.99 1 Volz et al. (1972a, 1972b, 1973);
    Shettle and Fenn (1979)    		 [30, 31, 32]
    [23]
    Ice 0 - 225700 130 -273 9.99 15 Clapp et al. (1995),
    Fenn et al. (1985),
    Kou et al. (1993), Warren (1984)    		 [3]
    [8]
    [12], [33]
    Ice-film 482 - 6962 163 9.99 1 Toon et al. (1994) [28]


    Solids(1) - Salts(2)
    Component Spectral
    coverage (cm-1)    		 Temperature
    range (K)    		 Concentration
    range (%)     		Number
    of files     		References Ref No
    Mineral-dust 250 - 40000 293 9.99 1 Volz (1973)
    Carlson and Benjamin (1980)
    Sokolik et al. (1993)     		[32]
    [2]
    [24]
    Quartz 33 - 50000 293 9.99 2 Longtin et al. (1988);
    Gray (1963); Drumond (1936);
    Spitzer and Kleinman (1961);
    Philipp (1985)    		 [13]
    [9],[16]
    [25]
    [18]
    Hematite 33 - 50000 293 9.99 2 Longtin et al. (1988) [13]
    Sand 33 - 50000 293 9.99 2 Longtin et al. (1988) [13]
    Insoluble 250 - 40000 293 9.99 1 Shettle and Fenn (1979) [23]
    Ammonium Sulfate 250 - 50000 293 9.99 1 Toon et al. (1976) [27]
    Meteoric dust 250 - 50000 293 9.99 1 Fenn et al. (1985) [8]
    Dusts-like 250 - 50000 293 9.99 1 Shettle and Fenn (1979),
    Volz (1972a, 1972b)    		 [23],
    [30-31]
    Salts 0 - 50000 293 9.99 18 Shettle and Fenn (1979),
    Volz (1972a), Dorsey (1940);
    Eldridge and Palik (1985)    		 [23],
    [30], [4]
    [7]


    (1) Solids
    Mineral dust: 1 file
    Quartz; 2 files, i.e.: quartz-E0ray, quartz-Oray
    Hematite; 2 files, i.e.: hematite-Eray, hematite-Oray
    Sand; 2 files, i.e.: sand-E00ray, sand-Oray
    Insoluble: 1 file
    Ammonium Sulfate: 1 file
    Meteoric dust:1 file
    Dust-like: 1 file

    (2) Salts
    Sea-salt: 1 file
    Sea-salt-coarse: 8 files corresponding respectively to relative humidity 0.0, 0.50, 0.70, 0.80, 0.90, 0.95, 0.98
    Sea-salt-accumulation: 8 files corresponding to the same selection of relative humidity as for sea-salt-coarse
    Sodium-chloride: 1 file


    REFERENCES